Stock market basics
A share is a small piece of ownership in a company. If a company has 1 crore shares and you own 100, you own a tiny part of that business — its profits, its growth, and its problems.
Where are shares bought and sold?
In India, shares trade on two stock exchanges: NSE (National Stock Exchange) and BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange). The market regulator is SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India). Its job is to protect investors and keep the market fair.
Demat accountHolds your shares electronically, like a bank account for shares.
Trading accountUsed to place buy/sell orders through a broker.
BrokerA SEBI-registered company that connects you to the exchange.
Market hours09:15 to 15:30 IST, Monday to Friday (except holidays).
Why do prices move?
Price moves on demand and supply. When more people want to buy than sell, the price rises. In the short term this is driven by news and emotion. In the long term it follows the company's earnings — a business that grows its profit year after year usually sees its share price follow.
Investing vs trading
| Investing | Trading |
|---|
| Time | Years | Minutes to weeks |
| Focus | Business quality and growth | Price movement and charts |
| Risk | Lower if diversified | High; most beginners lose |
| Effort | Low once set up (e.g. SIP) | High; needs screen time and discipline |
Key idea: The stock market rewards patience far more often than speed.
Hinglish me padho
Share matlab kisi company ka ek chhota hissa. Agar company ke 1 crore share hain aur aapke paas 100 hain, toh aap us business ke chhote se maalik ho — uska profit, growth aur problems, sab me aapka hissa.
Share kahan kharide-beche jaate hain?
India me do stock exchange hain: NSE (National Stock Exchange) aur BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange). Market ka regulator SEBI hai. SEBI ka kaam hai investors ko protect karna aur market ko fair rakhna.
Demat accountAapke share electronic form me rakhta hai, shares ka bank account samjho.
Trading accountBroker ke through buy/sell order lagane ke liye.
BrokerSEBI registered company jo aapko exchange se jodti hai.
Market timing09:15 se 15:30 IST, Monday se Friday (holidays chhod kar).
Price kyun upar-neeche hota hai?
Price demand aur supply se chalta hai. Kharidne wale zyada, bechne wale kam — toh price upar. Short term me yeh news aur emotion se hota hai. Long term me price company ki kamai (earnings) ke peeche chalta hai — jo business har saal profit badhata hai, uska share price bhi aam taur par badhta hai.
Investing vs Trading
| Investing | Trading |
|---|
| Samay | Saalon tak | Minute se hafte tak |
| Focus | Business ki quality aur growth | Price movement aur chart |
| Risk | Diversify karo toh kam | Zyada; zyadatar beginners ka loss hota hai |
| Mehnat | Ek baar set karo (jaise SIP) | Zyada; screen time aur discipline chahiye |
Main baat: Share market speed se zyada patience ko reward karta hai.
Educational content only. Not investment advice. Investments in the securities market are subject to market risks.